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Compact Sensors for Evaluation the Thermal Comfort
Kazkaz, Mohammad ; Fiľakovský, Karol (referee) ; Šafařík,, Pavel (referee) ; Pavelek, Milan (advisor)
Teplota vzduchu je nejčastěji používaná k posouzení tepelného stavu vnitřního prostředí. Avšak teplota vzduchu sama o sobě, je v mnoha případech pro toto posouzení nedostatečná. Hlavním cílem disertační práce je vyhodnotit tepelný stav vnitřního prostředí a specifikovat parametry, které na něj mají vliv. Teplota vzduchu, střední radiantní teplota, rychlost vzduchu a vlhkost vzduchu jsou čtyři základní parametry, které určují tepelný stav vnitřního prostředí. Vzhledem k tomu, že tepelný stav prostředí závisí na mnoha aspektech, byly odvozeny veličiny, které zahrnují kombinovaný účinek několika nebo všech těchto parametrů k určení tepelného stavu prostředí. Jedná se např. o efektivní teplotu, teplotu kulového teploměru, operativní teplotu, ekvivalentní teplotu, PMV a PPD indexy... aj. V dnešní době existuje spousta vysoce přesných senzorů, které mohou zhodnotit tepelný stav vnitřního prostředí. Z důvodu jejich vysoké ceny jsou používané převážně pro účely výzkumu. Předkládaná práce se převážně soustředí na vývoj kompaktního deskového senzoru pro vyhodnocení tepelného stavu vnitřního prostředí. Zaměřuje se hlavně na nízkou cenu senzoru společně s dostatečnou přesností. K dosažení cíle této práce jsou provedeny následující postupy: • Analýza environmentálních faktorů ovlivňujících tepelný stav prostředí. • Studium dopadu teploty vzduchu, střední radiantní teploty a rychlosti proudění vzduchu na tepelné indexy: teplotu kulového teploměru a operativní teplotu. • Teoretické porovnání teploty kulového teploměru a operativní teploty. • Navržení, rozvoj a konstrukce nového deskového senzoru pro posouzení tepelného stavu vnitřního prostředí. • Navržení a konstrukce testovací komory pro porovnávání senzorů tepelného stavu prostředí. • Kalibrace zkonstruovaného senzoru měřením fyzikálních veličin charakterizujících tepelný stav prostředí. • Testy směrové závislosti vyvinutého deskového senzoru a porovnání s kulovým teploměrem v testovací komoře. • Srovnání teoretických řešení s provedenými měřeními v testovací komoře. Výsledkem této práce je vlastní teoretické srovnání teploty kulového teploměru a operativní teploty ve vybraném rozsahu teploty vzduchu, střední radiantní teploty a rychlosti vzduchu pro možnost hodnocení tepelného stavu vnitřního prostředí pomocí kulového teploměru. Hlavním výstupem je však navržení a zhotovení jednoduchého deskového senzoru, který by byl dostatečně přesný pro měření tepelného stavu prostředí. V rámci disertace byla postavena také testovací komora a bylo provedeno testování vyvinutého senzoru pomocí měřicího systému INNOVA.
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Uplatnění nepůvodních dřevin na narušených stanovištích: vliv stanovištních a krajinných faktorů
PROŠKOVÁ, Miloslava
The effect of local and landscape factors on establishment of alien woody species in various post-industrial sites in the Czech Republic was evaluated. The first part of the thesis was focused on the establishment and survival of late successional and alien woody seedling in differently restored sites (spontaneous succession vs forestry reclamation), each with various successional stages (young, middle, late), This part continued in the topic of Bc. Thesis to detect changes in a period up to three years since the establishment of the experiment. The second part, dealt with the invasive potential of selected alien woody species Quercus rubra, was studied in three abandoned post-mining sites represented by sand pits and compared with the species establishment in undisturbed afforested sites dominated by Pinus sylvestris. These two parts were conducted in Třeboňsko Protected Landscape Area. The last part evaluated the effect of local site and landscape factors at a broad national scale. For this purpose, the phytosociological relevés from Database of Successional Seres (DaSS) were used.
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Problems Microscopic fungi of wheat
HORTOVÁ, Bronislava
The aim of thesis was to monitor the natural occurrence, frequency and species diversity of microscopic fungi. The incidence was evaluated according to various environmental factors (soil reaction, the farming, crop, geographical location). Experimental crop was wheat, it was a variety Ebi, Alka, Meritto, Aranka and Zuzana. Samples of wheat were of three habitats - Lukavec, Prague-Ruzyne and Ceske Budejovice. The monitoring frequency of microscopic fungi has focused on Fusarium fungi. The incidence was monitored in terms of the impact site conditions, before crop, production system and the course of weather in a given year. A secondary attempt was to determine the yield of certain indicators. It was the determination of germination, the weight of one thousand seeds and the dimensional weight.
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Niche width of eukaryotic marine phytoplankton with respect to recent and future climate change.
Junková, Natálie ; Kulichová, Jana (advisor) ; Neustupa, Jiří (referee)
This paper describes the concept of niche breadth of photoautotrophic protists and attempts to introduce us to the basic concepts we may encounter when studying the ecological niche. The review clarifies what a niche is and its components fundamental and realized niche and presents some examples of organisms that are specialists or generalists. It uses diatoms, dinoflagellates and Haptophytes to describe how they can be affected by climate change. Since the number of environmental changes is steadily increasing, it is very difficult to predict the changes in the coexistence of generalists and specialists. The thesis presents some of the main methods used in measuring the width of the ecological niche of protists, which can be MaxEnt, ONE and the most frequently mentioned OMI (outlying mean index) method, which is described in more detail in the thesis. Given the focus of the thesis on photoautotrophic marine plankton, the most frequently mentioned organisms are diatoms, dinoflagellates and Haptophyta. Finally, I summarize the main ocean factors that could be affected by climate change, which are mainly pH, temperature, salinity or the amount of available nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and iron).
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Environmental factors determining the occurrence of dry grassland vegetation in Turnov region
Jagošová, Eliška ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Větvičková, Anna (referee)
Species diversity of vegetation is a result of not only present, but also past processes. Additionally vegetation is affected by local factors, as well as regional. Dry grasslands are significant due to their abundance of species. Farming and land-use changes lead to succession changes and subsequently also to changes in species diversity. The gradual degradation of habitats leads to a loss of species diversity, therefore, dry grasslands are becoming one of the most endangered vegetation types of Central Europe. The first part of this thesis focuses on dry grasslands in general. It presents the characteristics of this vegetation type, factors determining its occurrence and spread, historical context, threats, and possibilities of their protection. The second part focuses on evaluating the knowledge about dry grasslands in the region of Turnovská pahorkatina. The occurrence of this vegetation type within the framework of this region is marginal and centred only in specific habitats. This thesis also includes data about the occurrence of dry grasslands in the region of Turnovská pahorkatina and the characteristic of the natural conditions and historical development of these localities. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to find out which of the factors affect the occurrence of dry grasslands in a...
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Vegetation changes in transition bogs at fishpond epilitorals
Spilka, Josef ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
This study concerns in a three peatland sites: the epilitorals of Pilská reservoir and Hořejší Padrťský fishpond in Příbram region and Kamenný fishpond in Pilsen. These peat-bobg were affected by negative conseqences of human activities. The aim of this study is to find out what kind these changes was and what extent they were. The changes in vegetation were observed from two points of view. The GIS analyses of aerial photographs represent the macroscale view. Repeating of old phytosociological relevées was the microscale view. To understand the cause of vegetation changes, the species-environment analyses were used. Four transects were made for this purpose and a water table level, pH and conductivity were mesured monthly along these transects. One-shot measurements of N and P water concentration and a peat depth were also carried out. Measured data from transects were uses in multivariate vegetation analyses and also in one- way analysis, aimed to an expansion plant species. All three sites of concern came through strong changes in past. In all of them the area of biotops of great conservation importance decreased and some endangered plant species have been lost there. The changes in Pilská reservoir epilitoral were mostly anthropogenic, whereas the mires of Hořejší Padrťský fishpond and Kamenný...
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The influence of environmental factors on amphibian assemblages
Kára, Martin ; Pivnička, Karel (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Like a large part of western Europe also from the Czech landscape is dramatically disappearing amphibians. This negative trend occurred due to several factors, some of which is undoubtedly the most significant loss of suitable breeding areas. During the years 2009 and 2010 I monitored a total of 31 tanks in a part of the former districts of Liberec, Jablonec nad Nisou and Semily, in which were multiplied frog (Rana temporaria) and toad (Bufo bufo). On these localities I've watched a few environment variables, which I assume that may affect the successful development of amphibians from egg stage to metamorphosis. The success of development, I determined by counting congeries in the spring and then finding the number of tadpoles in the tank survived the conversion. The results of multiple linear regression shows that the developmental stages of brown frog react negatively to the increasing altitude and increasing the number of eggs per unit area of the tank. On the contrary, they thrive better in larger, at least partially shaded tanks, which are subject to fluctuations in water level. For toad are suitable not very deep, partially shaded tanks, with a stable water level, vegetation and aquatic vegetation free shores. Also managed to find the eggs and tadpoles of toads react negatively to the...
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Northern Bohemia as a potential distribution area of the genus Tuber including summer truffles (Tuber aestivum)
Šťovíček, Václav ; Gryndler, Milan (advisor) ; Jablonský, Ivan (referee)
Truffles are economically important fungi that are naturally present in the territory of the Czech Republic. Their geographical distribution is traditionally documented by the field incidence of fruitbodies. Advanced detection methods, however, enabled us to detect the presence of Tuber spp. at localities without a need for finding the underground fruitbodies. In this work, a molecular genetic detection method based on the polymerase chain reaction with specific primers was used. It enables us to determine the occurrence of members of the genus Tuber including Tuber aestivum in the studied samples. Members of the genus Tuber were detected in 67 cases out of a total of 190 samples. Highly probably, Tuber borchii, Tuber foetidum, Tuber rufum, Tuber dryophilum, Tuber umbilicatum, Tuber huidongense, Tuber oligospermum and Tuber aestivum have been detected. Since the sequence similarity with the closest species is relatively low in some cases, some of the obtained sequences might belong to hitherto unknown truffle species. Environmental factors analyzed explain only a small portion of the variability, acted weakly and cannot be taken as decisive for the presence or the absence of a species in a sample. The occurrence of truffles in the slopes of the study area was noted and it seems to be still more...
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Asthma In Children's Population and the Enviromental Factors In Selected Towns of the Czech Republic
Fiala, Josef ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kazmarová, Helena (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to give information about asthmatic disease, to evaluate the situation in Czech children's population and to analyze the impacts of selected environmental factors on the occurrence of the bronchial asthma in selected age group. In the first part of this thesis are the information about bronchial asthma. In the second part of this thesis are description of the data of selected children group and characteristics of the environment (the source of data was from Czech National Health Institute). There are verifications of the null hypotheses about the risk effect of the environmental factors on the occurrence of the bronchial asthma among 5-years-old children in selected towns of the Czech Republic. The selected towns are České Budějovice, Hodonín, Hradec Králové, Jablonec nad Nisou, Jihlava, Karviná, Kladno, Mělník, Most, Olomouc, Sokolov, Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Orlicí and Žďár nad Sázavou.
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The relation between morphological and personality traits in humans
Sýkorová, Kateřina ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
In humans, as in animals, associations or correlations between morphological and personality traits can be observed. Some of the most conspicuous and well describable morphological traits in humans are eye color, hair color, body height and body mass index (BMI). These traits can correlate not only with temperament or character, but also, for example, with intelligence. Relations between morphology and personality can have an origin on a genetic or an environmental level. The human psyche, which can be influenced by social factors, can also have a role in the chain of causes and consequences. In this study, known relations between morphological traits and personality are discussed and mechanisms which could be responsible for these relations are mentioned. This study also focuses on the possible role of the environment which could explain some associations between the traits. Further, there is an attempt to identify environmental factors contributing to the morphological and personality traits which could therefore be a cause of some correlation between these traits.
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